Functional electrical stimulation for presbyphonia: A prospective randomized trial

This prospective study examined the effects of transcutaneous functional electrical stimulation in 14 elderly women with presbyphonia; as part of the study, participants were randomized to 8 weeks of effective stimulation or 4 weeks of ineffective stimulation followed by 4 weeks of effective stimulation. Various outcome parameters were assessed, including respiratory function (VC, FVC) measured using a Vitalograph Pneumotrac spirometer.