Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for COVID-19: Results from UK Biobank

Using data from the UK Biobank, this study examined demographic, lifestyle, socioeconomic, and clinical risk factors for COVID-19 (n=340), as compared with those for pneumonia (n=259) and influenza (n=111). As part of the study, lung function (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio) was assessed using a Vitalograph Pneumotrac spirometer.