Investigating the impact of London’s ultra low emission zone on children’s health: Children’s health in London and Luton (CHILL) protocol for a prospective parallel cohort study

This paper described the rationale for and design of a prospective, two-arm, longitudinal cohort study that will evaluate the impact of London’s ultra-low-emission zone on children’s health. The study will recruit ~3,200 children aged 6–9 years enrolled at primary schools in central London and Luton, England. The primary endpoint is post-bronchodilator FEV1, while secondary endpoints include variables of air pollution, post-bronchodilator FVC, and physical activity. Annual health assessments will include pre- and post-bronchodilator lung function testing using a calibrated Vitalograph Alpha spirometer.