Respiratory effects of occupational exposure to low concentration of hydrochloric acid among exposed workers: A case study in steel industry

This study investigated respiratory symptoms and pulmonary dysfunction caused by occupational exposure to low concentrations of hydrochloric acid in 45 workers in the steel industry, as compared with 41 unexposed workers. Pulmonary function (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF) was measured using a portable calibrated Vitalograph spirometer.