Evaluation of ocular microvascular characteristics in smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using an optical coherence tomography angiography

This prospective study used using optical coherence tomography angiography to assess the retinal vasculature of patients with COPD (n=38), as compared with measurements in smokers (n=30) and healthy non-smokers (n=30). In participants with COPD, disease severity was classed as mild, moderate, severe, or very severe based on FEV1 measurements taken using the Vitalograph Pneumotrac spirometer.