Preserved ratio impaired spirometry, airflow obstruction, and their trajectories in relationship to chronic kidney disease: A prospective cohort study

This study examined the relationship between lung function and the risk of incident chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease, based on data from participants enrolled in the UK Biobank. The analysis was based on baseline and follow-up spirometric data (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio) from up to 282,354 individuals, which were collected using a Vitalograph Pneumotrac spirometer.