Relative bioavailability of budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate triple therapy delivered using next generation propellants with low global warming potential

This randomized, single-blind, single-dose, 3-period crossover study evaluated the relative bioavailabilities of budesonide, glycopyrrolate, and formoterol fumarate when delivered as triple therapy via pMDIs that used different propellant formulations. In total, 47 healthy male subjects aged 18–60 years were included in the study. Participants were instructed on MDI inhalation technique using the Vitalograph AIM device at multiple timepoints during the study.