Effects of cigarette package colors and warning labels on Marlboro smokers’ risk beliefs, product appraisals, and smoking behavior: a randomized trial

This factorial, randomized study evaluated the impact of package color and warning labels on risk beliefs, subjective ratings, and smoking behavior in 180 adult cigarette smokers. To confirm their smoking status, participants provided a CO assessment at the start of the study, which was measured using the Vitalograph BreathCO monitor.