Immunological biomarkers and molecular signatures in healthy aging: Early dynamics of subclinical atherosclerosis in a homogeneous elderly cohort

This cross-sectional, case-control study evaluated early immunological and molecular changes in 79 healthy older adults with or without subclinical atherosclerotic plaque to identify biomarkers predictive of subclinical atherosclerosis. Baseline lung function (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio) was assessed at study entry using a Vitalograph Alpha spirometer.