Physical frailty, preserved ratio impaired spirometry and the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A population-based cohort study

This study examined the association between frailty and the risk of new-onset COPD in 412,351 adults enrolled in the UK Biobank. Included patients underwent lung function testing (FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio) using a Vitalograph Pneumotrac spirometer.