Association between multimarkers of metabolic malnutrition and inflammation and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung function: A prospective cohort study of UK biobank

This study examined the association between the metabolic vulnerability index and the risk of incident COPD using data from 240,873 individuals enrolled in the UK Biobank. Spirometric measurements used in the analysis (FEV1, FVC) were obtained at a baseline visit using a Vitalograph Pneumotrac spirometer.